Was evolution worth it?

Abstract The evolutionary process involved the suffering of quadrillions sentient beings over millions years. I argue that when we take this into account, then it is likely first humans appeared, world was already at an enormous axiological deficit, and even on favorable assumptions about humanity, doubtful have overturned deficit or ever will. Even if there’s no such can overturn it, remains case everything value associated with humanity made possible by our history all animal suffering. It seem indecent to regard past as having been worth simply because a causal precondition for existence. But consider realistic alternatives way evolution in fact unfolded, there nevertheless conditional regarding kind necessary evil.